Irene Forstner-Müller
Austrian Archaeological Institute, Cairo Branch, Faculty Member
- Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Egyptology, Archaeological Theory, Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Topography (Archaeology), and 14 moreAvaris, Survey TeD/Avaris, Piramesse, Nubian Ceramics, Tel El Daba, Per Ramesses, Seth Temple at Avaris, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Nubian-Egyptian Relations, Second Intermediate Period (Egyptology), Middle Bronze Age, Hyksos, Scarabs Seals, and Nile Delta archaeologyedit
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Continuity and Discontinuity- Attempting to establish the Beginning of the Hyksos Period at Tell el-Dab'a, The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium BC (vol. II), Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000-Euro Conference, Haindorf, 2nd of May – 7th of May 2001more
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AbstrAct The site of Tell el-Dab'a/Qantir is located in the modern province of Sharqiya in the Egyptian Eastern Delta and has been excavated by the Austrian Archaeological Institute for over 40 years. The site can now be identified... more
AbstrAct The site of Tell el-Dab'a/Qantir is located in the modern province of Sharqiya in the Egyptian Eastern Delta and has been excavated by the Austrian Archaeological Institute for over 40 years. The site can now be identified confidently with Avaris, the capital of the Hyksos, and with the southern part of Piramesse, the Delta residence of Ramesses II and his successors. The easternmost branch of the Nile once flowed just to the west of the site and by the Second Intermediate Period Avaris had become an important trading centre and major harbour for seagoing ships. The settlement covered an area of more than 260 ha and was one of the major urban centres in Egypt with an estimated population of between 28,800 and 34,600 inhabitants. In this paper, the topography and layout of the 15 th Dynasty Hyksos town will be described, with special reference to the functional divisions of space in the town.
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ABSTRACT The former city of Avaris is one of the biggest in the Nile delta. The city was the capital of the Hyksos kings who ruled Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, around 1650-1550 BC. The city was built on the edge of the... more
ABSTRACT The former city of Avaris is one of the biggest in the Nile delta. The city was the capital of the Hyksos kings who ruled Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, around 1650-1550 BC. The city was built on the edge of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile River, in the middle of a complex anabranching river system. Historical sources mention the existence of a fluvial harbour in Avaris. This large town required a harbour complex to fulfil its economic and military role. Until recently, the precise location of Avaris’ harbour basin was unclear. A pluridisciplinary project was set up in order to locate this harbour, by implementing various methods and tools. This project was part of a broader study of the palaeo-landscape of the whole city that provided us with a better knowledge of the palaeo-environment and its depositional processes. We were able to suggest the most likely area where a harbour could have been built. Extensive geomagnetic surveys backed the sedimentary boreholes analysis in order to get a precise image of the harbour basin, also helped by archaeological findings. The relationships between the basin and the Nile were also explored, especially a small channel linking the harbour to the main river as well as another one connecting it to a secondary channel of the Pelusiac branch at the south. We used OSL dating to reconstruct the history of the harbour, from the natural formation of a favourable geomorphologic site to its adaptation and maintenance by man during the apogee of the Hyksos capital.
Research Interests: Port cities and Ports
The layers presented here are the first traces of settlement on the Tell Area A/II, however, other parts of Tell el-Dabca like F/I and A/IV had already been occupied by settlers before (Fig. 2). This stratum, relativ k (major stratum H)... more
The layers presented here are the first traces of settlement on the Tell Area A/II, however, other parts of Tell el-Dabca like F/I and A/IV had already been occupied by settlers before (Fig. 2). This stratum, relativ k (major stratum H) (Fig. 1), was reached only in square p/14. Two ...
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BAAL Hors Series VI (2009), 143-157